PYOMETRA
Probably the most common disorder seen in intact female dogs, pyometra is a
serious and life threatening infection of the uterus. Due to hormonal and
uterine changes that occur in the older dog, an infection starts in the
uterus and can lead to death due to sepsis or organ failure if not treated
properly. (see cystic endometrial hyperplasia) It is possible in a very
few
spayed dogs for a small piece of uterus, usually left during spaying, to
become infected.
The symptoms are most common in dogs over 8 years old unless the dog has
been given hormones for a medical abortion and then any age dog can be
affected. Usually 4-12 weeks after a heat has occurred, symptoms will begin.
The symptoms observed outwardly, however, will depend on whether the cervix
is open or closed.
In cases of open-cervix pyometra a thick, bloody and pus-like vaginal
discharge is noted. The dog will often be lethargic, weak, anorexic, drink
and urinate more frequently and may vomit or have diarrhea. If the cervix is
closed, no discharge will be seen; symptoms will include abdominal
enlargement, shock and coma. (Pyometra)
Diagnosis is based on history, especially the fact that the female is not
spayed (in most cases), analysis of vaginal discharges, culture, blood
counts, serum chemistries, urinalysis, X-rays and ultrasound studies. This
disease is serious and requires prompt and aggressive treatment.
TREATMENT OF PYOMETRA
All dogs should be stabilized with IV fluids, antibiotics and general
supportive care. The best treatment is to perform surgery quickly to remove
the uterus and ovaries (similar to a spay, but quite a bit more complicated)
before any pus can leak into the abdomen. If the uterus remains in one piece
and no organ damage occurs, the success rate is excellent. Where the uterus
ruptures, the chances for survival are lessened, as peritonitis is a serious
complication. The most common organ dysfunction secondary to pyometra is
kidney failure.
Some persons, especially dog breeders, may hope to retain the reproductive
capabilities of the bitch. If the dog has an open cervix pyometra, a drug
called PGF-2alpha can be used along with antibiotic therapy. While this
type
of therapy does provide an option, it is advised only for selective cases,
as there are many risks inherent to the procedure and the drug itself. Our
advice is to surgically remove the affected organ and enjoy the dog.